IP-Subnet-Mask numbers

IP mask numbers are used to divide internet addresses into blocks called subnets. The mask number represents the number of 1s in the binary of the address that is 'masked" against the address So that it ignores the last bits which as for the group of IP addresses in the masked address.

The first address of a subnet block (all 0s) is called the network address or network ID. The last address (all 1s) is the broadcast address of the network. Typically the network address +1 or the broadcast address -1 is the gateway to the internet. The 'slash' notation (ie /24) is known as CIDR
format, while the more conventional 255.255.255.0 notation is considered a subnet mask.

Net bits

Subnet mask total-addresses

/20	255.255.240.0	4096
/21	255.255.248.0	2048
/22	255.255.252.0	1024
/23	255.255.254.0	512
/24	255.255.255.0	256
/25	255.255.255.128	128
/26	255.255.255.192	64
/27	255.255.255.224	32
/28	255.255.255.240	16
/29	255.255.255.248	8
/30	255.255.255.252	4

The first address of a subnet block (all 0s) is called the network address or network ID. The last address (all 1s) is the broadcast address of the network. Typically the network address +1 or the broadcast address -1 is the gateway to the internet. This leaves us with total number of IP numbers -3 left over for host address with in a sub net block. That's why you either get 1 IP (4-3= 1) or if you ask for one more you get 5 (8-3=5).

Here is an example:

192.168.1.0/25 would include all address between 192.168.1.0 and 192.168.1.127

while 192.168.1.128/25 would include 192.168.1.128 and 192.168.1.255

Below is a mask table that makes it easy to look up the mask for a group of IP addresses.

Mask table

Mask = /24

0-255

Mask = /25

0-127
128-255

Mask = /26

Mask = /27

Mask = /28

Mask = /29

Mask = /30

Netmasks


Netmask              Netmask (binary)                 CIDR     Notes
255.255.255.255  11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111  /32  Host (single addr)
255.255.255.254  11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110  /31  Unuseable
255.255.255.252  11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100  /30    2  useable
255.255.255.248  11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000  /29    6  useable
255.255.255.240  11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000  /28   14  useable
255.255.255.224  11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000  /27   30  useable
255.255.255.192  11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000  /26   62  useable
255.255.255.128  11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000  /25  126  useable
255.255.255.0    11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000  /24 "Class C" 254 useable

255.255.254.0    11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000  /23    2  Class C's
255.255.252.0    11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000  /22    4  Class C's
255.255.248.0    11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000  /21    8  Class C's
255.255.240.0    11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000  /20   16  Class C's
255.255.224.0    11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000  /19   32  Class C's
255.255.192.0    11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000  /18   64  Class C's
255.255.128.0    11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000  /17  128  Class C's
255.255.0.0      11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000  /16  "Class B"
    
255.254.0.0      11111111.11111110.00000000.00000000  /15    2  Class B's
255.252.0.0      11111111.11111100.00000000.00000000  /14    4  Class B's
255.248.0.0      11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000  /13    8  Class B's
255.240.0.0      11111111.11110000.00000000.00000000  /12   16  Class B's
255.224.0.0      11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000  /11   32  Class B's
255.192.0.0      11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000  /10   64  Class B's
255.128.0.0      11111111.10000000.00000000.00000000  /9   128  Class B's
255.0.0.0        11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000  /8   "Class A"
 
254.0.0.0        11111110.00000000.00000000.00000000  /7
252.0.0.0        11111100.00000000.00000000.00000000  /6
248.0.0.0        11111000.00000000.00000000.00000000  /5
240.0.0.0        11110000.00000000.00000000.00000000  /4
224.0.0.0        11100000.00000000.00000000.00000000  /3
192.0.0.0        11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000  /2
128.0.0.0        10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000  /1
0.0.0.0          00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000  /0   IP space

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2007年8月2日星期四